Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often first shows itself through speech and communication differences. Recognising these signs early — sometimes before 18 months — can lead to intervention that dramatically changes a child's developmental trajectory.
What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts socially, and processes sensory information. It is a "spectrum" because no two children with autism are the same — some are non-verbal, others are highly verbal but struggle with social interaction.
In India, the prevalence of ASD is estimated at 1 in 100 children. Many cases go undiagnosed for years, delaying vital intervention.
Early Red Flags — Signs of Autism in Babies and Toddlers
The following signs — especially a combination of them — may indicate ASD and warrant professional assessment:
By 12 Months
- Not babbling or making sounds
- Not responding to their name when called
- Not making eye contact or smiling back
- Not pointing to objects or showing interest in what others are looking at
- No back-and-forth vocalisation with caregiver
By 18 Months
- No single words spoken
- Does not follow simple instructions ("give me that", "come here")
- Limited or no pretend play
- Unusually interested in spinning objects, lights, or parts of toys (rather than the whole toy)
By 24 Months
- No two-word spontaneous phrases (not just repeating)
- Regression — losing words or skills they had previously
- Very limited range of interests
- Repetitive body movements (hand flapping, rocking, spinning)
- Insistence on sameness and distress with change in routine
- Unusual sensory reactions — covering ears, extreme sensitivity to textures or lights
⚠ Regression Is a Critical Warning Sign
If your child was developing normally and then lost words, social skills, or eye contact — even briefly — this regression must be evaluated immediately. It is one of the strongest indicators of ASD.
The Difference Between Autism Speech Delay and Other Speech Delays
Not all speech delays are due to autism. Other causes include hearing loss, language disorder, intellectual disability, or simply a late bloomer. Key features that suggest autism rather than a pure speech delay:
- Reduced or absent eye contact and joint attention (looking at something together)
- Lack of interest in social interaction with peers
- Echolalia — repeating phrases from TV, books, or conversations out of context
- Not using gestures — pointing, waving, showing
- Sensory sensitivities (unusual responses to sounds, textures, tastes)
- Rigid, repetitive play patterns
A hearing test should always be the first step — hearing loss can mimic some autistic behaviours and must be ruled out before an autism assessment.
How We Support Children with Autism at MMM Hearing Centre
Dr. Shehroz Majid provides specialist speech-language therapy for children on the autism spectrum, including:
- Communication assessment — verbal and non-verbal communication profile
- AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) — picture boards, PECS, communication apps for non-verbal children
- Social communication therapy — turn-taking, joint attention, functional communication
- Play-based therapy — following the child's lead to build communication in a natural, enjoyable way
- Parent coaching — strategies to support communication at home throughout the day
💡 Why Early Therapy Changes Lives
Research shows that intensive, evidence-based intervention before age 5 can lead to significant gains in communication, social skills, and independence. Many children who receive early therapy go on to attend mainstream schools and lead fulfilling lives. Start as early as possible.
What to Bring to Your First Appointment
- Any paediatrician or developmental reports
- School or anganwadi feedback
- A short video on your phone showing your child's communication and play (extremely helpful)
- List of words and sounds your child uses
- Any previous hearing test results
Concerned About Your Child's Development?
Book an assessment with Dr. Shehroz Majid at MMM Hearing Centre, Bijnor. Early support makes all the difference.